Praying Mantis - Tank Encyclopedia (2024)

United Kingdom (1937-1944)
Experimental Machine Gun Carrier – 2 Prototypes Built

The Praying Mantis was an experimental machine gun carrier designed by a private developer for the British Army during the Second World War. It is in competition with the Kugelpanzer as one of the strangest armored vehicle designs ever produced.

It could be said that it is ‘typically British’ in its eccentricity. The vehicle would never become as deadly a hunter as it’s invertebrate namesake, however, as it never left the prototype stage.
Praying Mantis - Tank Encyclopedia (2)
The First prototype of the vehicle.

Development

The Praying Mantis was a private venture by one Mr. Ernest James Tapp (often shortened to E. J. Tapp) of County Commercial Cars. The design was patented in 1937, with the construction of prototypes beginning in 1943. The vehicle was designed to shoot over walls and other obstacles while staying as concealed as possible.

Anatomy

The initial prototype of the Mantis was designed on a bespoke chassis. It had thin tracks, a rear mounted drive wheel and 4 road-wheels. The prototype was basic in its construction, intended just as a means of testing cross-country ability and the driver’s position. This prototype was displayed to the War Office shortly after the outbreak of World War II.
The second and final prototype was commissioned in 1943 and was based on the engine and running gear of the venerable Universal Carrier. The Universal Carrier was the workhorse vehicle of the British Army throughout the war and saw service with numerous countries in numerous theaters. It also spawned a number of variants and derivatives such as the Canadian Wasp flamethrower or the Australian 2-Pounder armed LP2.
With this, the Mantis retained the Carrier’s Ford V8 85bhp petrol engine and running gear that used the ‘track-bending’ steering system. This is all that the Mantis retained from the Carrier, as the rest of the tank’s chassis was rather unusual.

Chassis

The anatomy of this ‘iron invertebrate’ is unlike any other tank or armored fighting vehicle. It consists of a lower hull in which can be found the engine, a crew compartment, a pivoting ‘head’ and finally, a small machine gun armed turret, known as the ‘helmet’.
Praying Mantis - Tank Encyclopedia (3)
The Praying Mantis with the fighting compartment raised to full extension. Photo: The Tank Museum
The Crew compartment, known as the ‘control chamber’ took the form of a long hollow box. Inside would be the positions for the vehicles two crew members, the Driver and the Gunner, who would be effectively lying down, prone, inside the box with their heads towards the machine gun turret. At the crew’s feet was a hydraulic system that would raise the entire compartment. It would rise to about a 55-degree angle. Maximum elevation was 11f.5ft (3.48m) off the ground. In the original plans, the box had the ability to traverse left and right as well. This would bring the head, which could pivot up and down, above an obstacle allowing the gunner to engage any targets. The vehicle could move around with the crew chamber in any position. When fully lowered, the Mantis could move around behind low bushes, or even tall grass while staying concealed.
The Gunner was in charge of the vehicle’s main armament, a pair of Bren Light Machine Guns mounted side-by-side in the rotating ‘helmet’. Chambered for the standard British .303 round, the magazine fed Bren was a staple weapon of the British Army’s infantry. The gun entered service in 1938. It would serve for over 30 years, finally being withdrawn in 1991. The ‘helmet’ was also equipped with a grapple, fired by a small grappling gun.


Illustration of the Praying Mantis by Tank Encyclopedia’s own David Bocquelet

Fate

The second prototype took part in a number of trials, but that’s as far as it would go. In operation, it was found that the controls were extremely hard to use. The effect on the crew was also not ideal, as many recounted the swaying of the moving vehicle gave them motion sickness. In 1944, it was officially abandoned.
Praying Mantis - Tank Encyclopedia (5)
Lowered fully, the Mantis could be used as cover for infantry. Photo: The Tank Museum
The first prototype was scrapped, but the second eventually found it’s way to the Bovington Tank Museum. The vehicle has been preserved there ever since, and the joints are still in operable condition. It is considered to be the strangest vehicles in their collection.
Though this vehicle was something of a flop. Mr. Tapp’s idea of a vehicle that could raise its weapons above cover without exposing itself would later be employed by various armored vehicles. The ATGM (Anti-Tank Guided Missile) launching FV1620 Humber Hornet, for example, used a similar mechanism.
Praying Mantis - Tank Encyclopedia (6)
The Praying Mantis as it sits today in The Tank Museum, Bovington. Author’s photo.

An article by Mark Nash

Specifications

Crew2 (driver, machine-gunner)
PropulsionFord T 4-cyl petrol, 40 bhp
Speed (road)25 mph (40 km/h)
Armament2 x .303 Bren Light Machine Guns
Armor6 to 9 mm (0.24-0.35 in)
Total production2 Prototypes

Links, Resources & Further Reading

Article on The Tank Museum’s Website
Patent GB577274 submitted on July 16th 1946 by Mr. E. Tapp

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Praying Mantis - Tank Encyclopedia (2024)

FAQs

What was the most common British tank in ww2? ›

The vast majority of tanks delivered were the virtually useless Light Tank Mk VI. The newly established Royal Armoured Corps had only 143 infantry tanks and cruisers available in September 1939. They lacked spares and equipment, and very few crews had been trained to fight with them.

What was the Praying Mantis in ww2? ›

The Praying Mantis was an experimental machine gun carrier designed by a private developer for the British Army during the Second World War. It is in competition with the Kugelpanzer as one of the strangest armored vehicle designs ever produced. It could be said that it is 'typically British' in its eccentricity.

What tanks did the British use in 1942? ›

But most of all, the future “Desert Rats” were now led by a soon iconic figure, Bernard Montgomery. By the fall of 1942, the first British M4 Shermans arrived en masse through Alexandria harbor, but the bulk of VIIIth forces still comprised M3 Grants, M3 Stuarts, Crusaders, Cruiser III-IVs, Matildas and Valentines.

Who made the Praying Mantis tank? ›

The Praying Mantis was a private venture by one Mr. Ernest James Tapp (often shortened to E. J. Tapp) of County Commercial Cars. The design was patented in 1937, with the construction of prototypes beginning in 1943.

Who had the best tank in WWII? ›

By October 1942, the general opinion was that Soviet tanks were among the best in the world, with Life magazine writing that "The best tanks in the world today are probably the Russian tanks...". The T-34 outclassed every German tank in service at the time of its introduction.

What was the most reliable tank in WW2? ›

The M4 was often outmatched by German tanks, but its excellent reliability meant more of them were available to fight at any particular time. The most advanced version to serve with the U.S. Army was the M4A3E8, a larger, beefier tank with an improved suspension system and a more powerful 76mm gun.

What is the longest living praying mantis in captivity? ›

The longest lived species can live up to 5 years in captivity, (females, of course) but are usually super rare and expensive to buy. Most mantises common in the trade don't live more than a few months, up to maybe a year or two. The second thing to consider about the mantises themselves is their delicateness.

What is the myth behind praying mantis? ›

The praying mantis has been associated with the Great Spirit due to its praying hands. They also traditionally symbolized wealth and luck within Native culture, meaning if someone were to see one, they would be blessed with success.

How long will a praying mantis live in captivity? ›

The mantids should be housed separately after the second or third moult. Mantids will live for 12 to 18 months and the oothecae can also take several months to hatch. Some species of mantis are parthenogenic so can produce a viable ootheca without mating.

Why were British tanks so bad in WWII? ›

Against the Germans, Britain's tank forces were simply ill-prepared for armoured warfare, with a slew of factors hindering the performance of British tank divisions in France. The first, and most glaring issues, were the designs of the tanks being fielded and the number of them available.

Why do British tanks start with C? ›

These included Crusader, Covenanter and later the Cromwell, followed by its larger version, the Comet. I suggest the names came from being classed as 'cruiser' tanks and also from the Christie suspension around which they were designed.

What is the best tank in the world? ›

The top ten tanks today are the German KF51 Panther, the American Abrams M1A2, the Russian T-14 Armata, the Korean K2 Black Panther, the Chinese T-99, the German Leopard 2, the French Leclerc XL, the British Challenger 2, the Israeli Merkava V, and the Japanese Type-90.

What tanks did the British use during WWII? ›

Throughout the war, however, the British Army retained a specialized category of infantry tanks, such as the Churchill, and of cruiser tanks, such as the Crusader and Cromwell. The former were well-armoured and the latter were fast, but none was well-armed compared with German and Soviet tanks.

What tank did the British use in ww11? ›

Cromwell tank, British medium tank that was used in the later stages of World War II. The Cromwell was designed to replace the Crusader tank (a lightweight cruiser, or cavalry, tank that had seen extensive use in North Africa) and was driven by a 600-horsepower Rolls-Royce Meteor engine.

What was the most successful British tank? ›

The Centurion was the primary British Army main battle tank of the post-World War II period. Introduced in 1945, it is widely considered to be one of the most successful post-war tank designs, remaining in production into the 1960s, and seeing combat into the 1980s.

What is the main British tank? ›

The Challenger 2 is the British Army's main battle tank. One of its strengths lies in its ability to shock the enemy by placing them enemy under pressure by a rapid and fully-committed advance, causing them to break and retreat.

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